Questions of "dolce vita". Part one

Ourselves turned sugar into poison, absorbing it in unlimited quantities. From here - a procession a wide gait on our organisms of such diseases as diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity. And, these diseases "look younger".

And it is no wonder that, having got used since the childhood to sweet food, over the years we increase the need for it. Our organism adapts to our habits, is reconstructed for processing of the consumed excesses, then impudently demands already necessary sweet carbohydrates. Doctors say: "you want to recover – change an image of food". Probably, not for nothing speak?

Nutritionists recommend to replace habitual sugar with honey, brown sugar, natural syrups and jam fashionable now. "There's small choice in rotten apples", and this replacement - not rescue. Perhaps natural fructose is also split in our organism easier, but almost also a kaloriyna, as well as sucrose, besides, can be the cause of obesity. It blocks production of insulin which is necessary for its splitting and provokes hunger when the organism has no need for food. It scientists from the University of Florida proved, the USA. Glucose which by all means is present at these products contains also in usual sugar. Such replacements surpass sugar in caloric content.

What else it is possible to replace sugar with? Ubiquitous scientists actively look for worthy replacement to sugar that we could conduct "dolce vita", without putting at themselves at risk of violation of fatty and hormonal balance, and sweeteners are very popular and demanded around the world now.

Sweeteners classify by several criteria:

- Volume – relatives on sweet to sugar.
- Intensive - considerably the sweets of sugar exceeding level.

- High-calorie – it is necessary to consider their caloric content by drawing up diets.
- Bezkaloriynye – not having power value.

- Natural – sweeteners from vegetable raw materials and received from various organic matter.
- Synthetic – synthesized in the chemical way.

The most widespread sweeteners:

• Natural sweeteners.
- Sorbite - is produced from the sakharoproizvodstvo remains.
- Xylitol is received by hydrolysis from corn cabbage stumps and cotton waste.
- Maltitol – a product of a hydrogenation of the maltose received from starch.

The listed substitutes are brought closer on sweet to sugar and slightly concede to it in caloric content. They are offered sick diabetes as they do not provoke sharp increase in concentration of glucose in blood. The suffering excess weight it is possible to use them, but it is very dosed.

• Synthetic sweeteners have insignificant power value and are designed to satisfy thirst for sweet psychologically. They belong to intensive sweeteners as the level of their sweet on orders is higher than sucrose.
Saccharin was the first synthetic sweetener, but in a year after its invention (1879) there were doubts in its safety. Now this substance of broad application has no.

- Tsiklamata. This group of sweeteners is estimated by scientists not unambiguously and though they are resolved by many countries, physicians recommend them carefully.

- Aspartame. Surpasses in sweet level sucrose by two hundred times and has no aftertaste. Aspartame does not influence insulin level in blood and is shown both at obesity, and at diabetes. It is considered rather harmless additive, it is allowed for use more than in hundred countries. The sweeteners containing this substance in structure are quite popular.

- Atsesulfam To (otizon). This substance is recognized as non-toxic, safe for tooth enamel, is quickly and completely removed from an organism. At observance of reasonable dosages it is considered ideal means for patients with diabetes and suffering from excess weight.

- Sukraloz (splend). This sweetener is widely used in the food industry. Soda and fumaric acid as taste regulators usually is a part of tablets with this substance. Additive is considered harmless.

- Neotam. By 20 times surpasses aspartame in sweet level. In 1997, after generalization of results of researches it was entered in the list of harmless table sweeteners by many countries.

Each of the listed substitutes has the pluses and minuses therefore now there are sweetening additives with the combined structure. Scientists consider that synthetic sweeteners promote obesity as the sweet taste signals about receipt of sugars in an organism, but carbohydrates at the same time do not arrive. Then there is a feeling of hunger, the stomach demands what to it was "promised". Therefore it is better to combine sweeteners with natural sugars. Let's say to put couple of tablets of sweetener and a spoon of sugar in a cup of tea. At the same time the sweet is felt more brightly, and caloric content is not so high.

It is necessary to understand that sweeteners bear only psychological function. They give the chance to fight comfortably against kilograms, without changing the habits. It is self-deception, we have no physiological need of the use of sweets. It is only habit force.