Girls, help! Flower growers, help!

The flower grower from me so-so. Is at home several pots in which I put the shoots some to me were presented, some I somewhere picked up. I am engaged in flowers without a system, without science, without conscious approach. Ruined some plants. Some got accustomed.
Question specifically on this plant. Itself I call it a fern. But I do not even know whether it is correct …
It is necessary to tell, the plant unpretentious, expands violently. Specifically I already several times cut off this flower, at the basis secateurs removed separate branches. In total it grows at me years two.
And here for the first time on it such branches grew here.
Not as usual leaves, and branches with small shishechka. Who knows, please, prompt: what is this also what with it to do?
Own versions two: or it is future flowers which will hatch from shishechek over time, or seeds.
Cut off couple of branches and put in water (thought, maybe, root will be taken, then will replace in other pot), but nothing happens to them. Or rather, nothing good, they wither slowly. And left couple of branches on a plant. And too nothing occurs. Both stuck out, and stick out.